The Harvard Family Research Project separated from the Harvard Graduate School of Education to become the Global Family Research Project as of January 1, 2017. It is no longer affiliated with Harvard University.
Volume VII, Number 1, Winter 2001
Issue Topic: Strategic Communications
Beyond Basic Training
The Media: A Tool for Change?
Taj James gives examples of how, through the activities of Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth, young people were empowered to use the media to achieve their organizing goals.
In an information economy, access to and control over media messages is critical. If knowledge is power, then the production and distribution of ideas and information are the tools to transform that power into positive change. For groups supporting youth empowerment, we must ask: How can we put these powerful tools to work to produce, analyze, and control information so that power ultimately resides in the hands of young people?
At Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth we are answering that question. Coleman's youth leadership group, Youth Making a Change (Y-MAC), is a youth- organizing council of diverse, low-income high school students who work organize their peers to impact local public policy. Y-MAC's efforts to use the media to promote its campaigns provide instructive lessons on successful strategic communications. Following are some key principles we found to support youth as they transformed the media into a tool for positive change.
Get support from the experts
Just like any other aspect of an organizational strategy, a media strategy needs to be rooted in a framework. Our media strategies have been developed with the support of a group called We Interrupt this Message, a national intermediary that trains youth and community groups in strategic media. We Interrupt helps youth groups study the media and analyze bias as a way of directly challenging anti-youth bias. They train the youth in Y-MAC, and many other groups in the youth movement, on basic public relations skills—how to write a press release, how to talk to reporters. But more importantly, We Interrupt helps groups understand media bias so they can develop a winning message that challenges stereotypes around youth, race and poverty.
A strong communications strategy and message depend on a clear organizing goal
Many groups try to work with the media only to discover that their campaign goals are unclear. Developing a clear organizing strategy is essential to the creation of a successful media campaign. Who is really responsible for the problem? What can be done to fix it? Who has the power to do that? A good message puts all those things together into a sound bite or press release.
An example from Y-MAC
When Y-MAC conducted their own evaluation of city-funded youth
centers, they initially planned to publish a report card ranking
each with a letter grade from A to F. This tactic was based
on a strategy used by Coleman's parent organizing group, Parent
Advocates for Youth (PAY). Stories of the PAY report cards
in the local newspaper led to politicians and parks administrators
acting to address the problems and prompted local residents
to take act on behalf of their beleaguered local parks.
Y-MAC initially thought that using this strategy would spark rapid change and force youth centers to be held accountable. On reflection, however, Y-MAC reconsidered its goals: was it trying to force these agencies to change in the short term or did it want a solution that would lead to youth participation and accountability in the long run? Y-MAC changed its media strategy and decided to publish results, but withhold the names of the youth centers evaluated because it realized that the real target was not the individual agencies, but the city for not making sure youth were participating and involved in the evaluation. Y-MAC shifted their demands to require, as a condition of funding, that the city mandate that all city-funded youth programs involve youth in program planning and evaluation. This demand allowed Y-MAC to get media attention for its report while also getting political and popular support for the proposed policy from the evaluated agencies. The campaign was a success and, this year, the city's department of Children Youth and Families hired 60 youth to evaluate its funded programs.
Reframe the problem and offer a solution
Often, our first task in strategic media is to change the subject. The media sometimes misses the point and will frame stories about people of color, youth and the poor in ways that blame the victims for problem. We must redefine the problem in a way that points to its genuine roots and offer a solution that points to the institutions, not victims, responsible. This strategy requires that we also do research to answer these questions.
An example from Y-MAC
Y-MAC's biggest research tool is an annual youth election
conducted in San Francisco high schools. Through YouthVOTE,
students voice their views on the issues and candidates on
the November ballot and answer survey questions related to
youth issues. The 5,000 to 10,000 students who participate
in YouthVOTE each year help Y-MAC develop issue campaigns
that can have an impact on policy decisions made by adults.
For example, in the aftermath of the Columbine tragedy, the city of San Francisco put more police officers in the high schools without consulting students. When the YouthVOTE survey showed that 70% of students did not want more police on their campuses, and, in fact, felt increasingly unsafe because of their presence, student organizers had data to back up their challenge to the city's political leaders. They held a press conference on school safety and encouraged the addition of more nurses, counselors, and mental health workers who could support youth in critical ways. Y-MAC used the media to redefine the problem and offer a solution. At that time it came to light that there was only one health clinic in all of the city's 20 public high schools, and that none of the other high schools even had a nurse. Y-MAC took this information as a call to action and successfully organized, rallying one to four million dollars to fund seven new school-based wellness centers. For more information about We Interrupt's strategic media tools, contact them at address listed below.
Taj James is the former director of Youth Policy and Development at Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth and a board member of We Interrupt this Message, and is currently the director of the Movement Strategy Center.
Taj James
Coleman Advocates for Children & Youth
459 Vienna Street
San Francisco, CA 94112
Tel: 415-239-0161
Email: tjames@colemanadvocates.org